Y11 IGCSE Section 4 summary Ecology and environment

Hi Y11,

 Here is a summary of what you need to know and need to be able to do for Section 4, along with links to useful resources.

 I hope this is useful. I realise it doesn't look very user friendly on the blog but you should be able to download the document.

 As always, if you have any questions or problems please let me know.

 Miss Maddy

Y10 Kidney work

Hi Y10,

You have been looking at homeostasis generally, but you will need to look at the kidney in some detail.

Here is the relevant part of the specification.

2.60 describe the structure of a nephron, to include Bowman’s capsule and
glomerulus, convoluted tubules, loop of Henlé and collecting duct
2.61 describe ultrafiltration in the Bowman’s capsule and the composition of the
glomerular filtrate
2.62 understand that water is reabsorbed into the blood from the collecting duct
2.63 understand that selective reabsorption of glucose occurs at the proximal
convoluted tubule
2.64 describe the role of ADH in regulating the water content of the blood
2.65 understand that urine contains water, urea and salts.

The kidney info is towards the end of this clip

Good clip on homeostasis

This one is more specifically about the kidney

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vB7tSHqR1eY

Notes on the kidney

Miss Maddy

Y11, ecology

Hi Y11,

You have been looking at human influences on the environment. I now want you to start looking at the way we can study the environment and the organisms within it.

Here are the objectives I want you to look at. Please find definitions of the key words.


4.1 understand the terms population, community, habitat and ecosystem
4.2 explain how quadrats can be used to estimate the population size of an
organism in two different areas
4.3 explain how quadrats can be used to sample the distribution of organisms in
their habitats.

Some useful definitions

s-cool notes

On sampling, quadrats etc

Miss Maddy

Y12 Infectious diseases introduction

Hi Y12,

Here is the link to the documentary one infectious diseases I would like you to watch.

Horizon Infectious diseases

And some much shorter clips on cholera

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cGDEqcJ1skE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nRSzysJTyQ

Enjoy!

Miss Maddy

Y11 Update

Hi Y11,

You should still be working on human influences on the environment, but start to look at these objectives now.

4.9 understand the biological consequences of pollution of air by sulfur dioxide
and by carbon monoxide
4.10 understand that water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane and
CFCs are greenhouse gases
4.13 understand that eutrophication can result from leached minerals from fertiliser
4.14 understand the effects of deforestation, including leaching, soil erosion,
disturbance of the water cycle and of the balance in atmospheric oxygen and
carbon dioxide.

The links I posted previously will also help with these objectives, as will your textbook. Any problems please contact me. I hope to be back with you soon!

http://mrexham.com/igcse/4-ecology-and-the-environment/4-2-human-influences-on-the-environment/

Miss Maddy

Hi Y10,

I would like you to start looking at the objectives below, and to find out what homeostasis is. Find a definition of it!

Flowering plants
Students will be assessed on their ability to:
2.56 understand the origin of carbon dioxide and oxygen as waste products of
metabolism and their loss from the stomata of a leaf
Humans
2.57 understand that the lungs, kidneys and skin are organs of excretion
2.58 understand how the kidney carries out its roles of excretion and of
osmoregulation
2.59 describe the structure of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters,
bladder and urethra

http://internationalgcsebiology.wikispaces.com/Excretion

http://askmichellebiology.blogspot.com.es/2012/08/excretion-humans.html

Miss Maddy

Y11 Human influences on the environment.

Hi Y11,

You have done work on food production recently and uses of microorganisms. You now need to move on to looking at how humans affect the environment, and I would like you to start this by looking at the causes and consequences of global warming.

4.11 understand how human activities contribute to greenhouse gases
4.12 understand how an increase in greenhouse gases results in an enhanced
greenhouse effect and that this may lead to global warming and its
consequences.

Here are some helpful links. Please let me know which of the links/resources (including your textbook) are the most helpful to you. There is lots of overlap here with Geography, so it would be great to see the geographers helping other members of the class!

http://igcsefriends.blogspot.com.es/2011/12/global-warming.html

http://internationalgcsebiology.wikispaces.com/Humans+influence+on+the+environment - if you click on the objectives a video clip comes up. Notes are underneath the objectives.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGTxR9jYmt8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcFPtTZ-RYA this clip is for A level Biology but I think it is clear and helpful, and only 5 mins long so give it a try.

Enjoy!

Miss Maddy

Hi Y10,

These are the objectives you should be aiming to cover this week, with help in your textbook from pg 30 onwards.


2.39 understand the biological consequences of smoking in relation to the lungs
and the circulatory system, including coronary heart disease
2.40 describe experiments to investigate the effect of exercise on breathing in
humans.

Effects of smoking.

Smoking from click biology

Excercise and breathing rate from the bbc

Please let me know if you find these useful!

Miss Maddy

Y12 CIE Heart, respiratory system

Hi Y12,

As you know I am not able to be with you at the moment!

General biology links This link is to a website with a number of links to a wide variety of resources for Biology, so you will have to search through carefully for the information you want.

The s-cool site and biologymad sites also have AS notes aimed more specifically at your level.

http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/biology/gas-exchange/revise-it/gas-exchange-in-humans


I want to keep track of what you are doing and how you are getting on with the work.

As you should have finished your work on the heart and circulatory system, I would like you to try the end of chapter questions from pg 170 onwards in your textbooks please.

Also, this week you need to be moving on to looking at the respiratory system and gas exchange (pg 174 onwards) The structure part and qs on pg 178 should be useful. Then you need to look at what happens when it goes wrong, so the consequences of smoking and the links between smoking and cardiovascular disease.



This the area of the syllabus you are working on at the moment. Concentrate on structure first please and try the exam questions in the book, and move on to smoking, COPD etc later. Please send me questions and comments on what you find most useful, as well as any types of resources you have found which you thought were particularly helpful.

Enjoy!

Miss Maddy

(a)  describe the structure of the human gas exchange system, including the microscopic structure of

 

the walls of the trachea, bronchioles and alveoli with their associated blood vessels;
 

(b) describe the distribution of cartilage, ciliated epithelium, goblet cells and smooth muscle in the

 

trachea, bronchi and bronchioles;

(c) describe the functions of cartilage, cilia, goblet cells, mucous glands, smooth muscle and elastic fibres

in the gas exchange system;

(d) describe the process of gas exchange between air in the alveoli and the blood;

(e) describe the effects of tar and carcinogens in tobacco smoke on the gas exchange system;

(f) describe the signs and symptoms that enable diagnosis of lung cancer and chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease (COPD) (emphysema and chronic bronchitis);

(g) describe the effects of nicotine and carbon monoxide on the cardiovascular system;

(h) explain how tobacco smoking contributes to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD);

(i) evaluate the epidemiological and experimental evidence linking cigarette smoking to disease and early

death;

(j) discuss the difficulties in achieving a balance between preventions and cure with reference to coronary

heart disease, coronary by-pass surgery and heart transplant surgery;

(k) use the knowledge gained in this section in new situations or to solve related problems. 

Y10 help from Miss Maddy

Hi Y10, As you know I can't be with you at the moment so her is a little help on the lungs work we have been covering recently. I hope you find it useful! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylEknRf0jLU Enjoy! Miss Maddy

Y11 help from Miss Maddy 6th and 7th Feb

Hello Y11, As you are all aware I am unable to be with you at the moment. However.... you don't get away with it that easily! I will be posting for each week the areas of the specification that I want you to be covering along with information, links to notes and clips online and which areas of the textbook to be using to help you meet these objectives. 5.5 understand the role of yeast in the production of beer 5.6 describe a simple experiment to investigate carbon dioxide production by yeast, in different conditions We touched upon this last week but you need to go over these areas yourselves Textbook pg 228 onwards on using microorganisms http://internationalgcsebiology.wikispaces.com/Food+production+-+microorganisms Fish farming 5.7 explain the methods which are used to farm large numbers of fish to provide a source of protein, including maintenance of water quality, control of intraspecific and interspecific predation, control of disease, removal of waste products, quality and frequency of feeding and the use of selective breeding Textbook pg 169 http://internationalgcsebiology.wikispaces.com/Food+production+-+fish+farming http://www.s-cool.co.uk/gcse/biology/environmental-problems/revise-it/managing-the-environment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqvZMl63XL8&list=PLrHqNkBIZ0sfuilbdwKHDBxcDN-F8bsbw&index=2

Y11 revision help

Hi Year 10 and 11,

I would like to share with you this fantastic resource, which has revision notes and links to relevant video clips to help your learning.

The site is specifically to help students studying International GCSE Biology, however the resources are for the separate science course, and therefore contain some information and learning objectives which we do not cover in the double award course. Use your specification for the double award to identify the areas you need to cover.

http://internationalgcsebiology.wikispaces.com/

Enjoy!

Miss Maddy