Y12 CIE Heart, respiratory system

Hi Y12,

As you know I am not able to be with you at the moment!

General biology links This link is to a website with a number of links to a wide variety of resources for Biology, so you will have to search through carefully for the information you want.

The s-cool site and biologymad sites also have AS notes aimed more specifically at your level.

http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/biology/gas-exchange/revise-it/gas-exchange-in-humans


I want to keep track of what you are doing and how you are getting on with the work.

As you should have finished your work on the heart and circulatory system, I would like you to try the end of chapter questions from pg 170 onwards in your textbooks please.

Also, this week you need to be moving on to looking at the respiratory system and gas exchange (pg 174 onwards) The structure part and qs on pg 178 should be useful. Then you need to look at what happens when it goes wrong, so the consequences of smoking and the links between smoking and cardiovascular disease.



This the area of the syllabus you are working on at the moment. Concentrate on structure first please and try the exam questions in the book, and move on to smoking, COPD etc later. Please send me questions and comments on what you find most useful, as well as any types of resources you have found which you thought were particularly helpful.

Enjoy!

Miss Maddy

(a)  describe the structure of the human gas exchange system, including the microscopic structure of

 

the walls of the trachea, bronchioles and alveoli with their associated blood vessels;
 

(b) describe the distribution of cartilage, ciliated epithelium, goblet cells and smooth muscle in the

 

trachea, bronchi and bronchioles;

(c) describe the functions of cartilage, cilia, goblet cells, mucous glands, smooth muscle and elastic fibres

in the gas exchange system;

(d) describe the process of gas exchange between air in the alveoli and the blood;

(e) describe the effects of tar and carcinogens in tobacco smoke on the gas exchange system;

(f) describe the signs and symptoms that enable diagnosis of lung cancer and chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease (COPD) (emphysema and chronic bronchitis);

(g) describe the effects of nicotine and carbon monoxide on the cardiovascular system;

(h) explain how tobacco smoking contributes to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD);

(i) evaluate the epidemiological and experimental evidence linking cigarette smoking to disease and early

death;

(j) discuss the difficulties in achieving a balance between preventions and cure with reference to coronary

heart disease, coronary by-pass surgery and heart transplant surgery;

(k) use the knowledge gained in this section in new situations or to solve related problems.